Chicken anemia virus (CAV) causes severe anemia and immunosuppression in young chickens and a compromised immune response in older birds, resulting in great economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Here, we report the molecular epidemiology and characterization of CAV circulating in poultry in Guangdong province, China. Ninety-one of 277 chickens collected from 2016 to 2017 were CAV positive. Full-genome sequencing revealed the presence of eight separate strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the genome sequences obtained in this study and related sequences available in the GenBank database showed that all of the CAV isolates exhibit a close relationship to each other and belong to the same genotypic group. Putative recombination events were also detected in the genomes of the newly isolated CAVs. Collectively, our findings underscore the importance of CAV surveillance and provide information that will lead to a better understanding of the evolution of CAV.